Call-by-Reference, Arrays

1. Mini-sort with functions. Create a project titled Lab6_Swap. Revisit the program from one of the earlier lab assignments that sorts three numbers in the increasing order. Modify it so that it invokes a function to swap the values of two variables. You should use the swapping function from this program. The pseudocde for the main() function is as follows:

         input three numbers
         if first number is greater than second 
             invoke the swap function to swap first and second numbers
         if first is greater than third 
             invoke the swap function to swap first and third numbers
         if second is greater than third
             invoke the swap function to swap second and third numbers
         output three sorted numbers
       

2. Lottery. In this assignment you are to code a program that selects 10 random non-repeating positive numbers (the lottery numbers), takes a single input from the user and checks the input with the ten lottery numbers. The user wins if her input matches one of the lottery numbers.

   Study displaying arrays in functions described here. As you program your project, demonstrate to the lab instructor displaying an array passed to a function. Create a project titled Lab6_Lottery. Declare an array wins of 10 integer elements.

   Define the following functions:

   • Define function initialize() that takes array wins[] as a parameter and assigns -1 to each element of the array.

     Hint: Array elements are initialized to -1, which is outside of lottery numbers' range, to distinguish elements that have not been given lottery numbers yet.

     Passing an array as a parameter and its initialization is done similar to the code in this program.

   • Define a function check() that takes a number and the array wins[] as parameters and returns true if is number matches on of the elements in the array, or false if none of the elements do. That is, in the function, you should write the code that iterates over the array looking for the number passed as the parameter. You may assume that the number check() is looking for is always positive.

     Hint: Looking for the match is similar to looking for the minimum number in this program.

   • Define a function draw() that takes array wins as a parameter and fills it with 10 random integers whose values are from 0 to 99. The numbers should not repeat.

     Hint: Use srand(), rand() and time() functions that we studied earlier to generate appropriate random numbers from 0 to 99 and fill the array. Before the selected number is entered into the array wins, call function check() to make sure that the new number is not already in the array. If it is already there, select another number.

     The pseudocode for your draw() function may be as follows:

         declare a variable "number of selected lottery numbers so far",
                      initialize this variable to zero
         while (the_number_of_selected_elements is less than the array size)
              select a new random number
              call check() to see if this new random number is already in the array
              if the new random number is not in the array
                  increment the number of selected elements
                  add the newly selected element to the array
     
        

   • Define function entry() that asks the user to enter a single number from 0 to 99 and returns this value.

   • Define function printOut() that outputs the selected numbers and user input.
     Hint: Outputting the array can be done similar to echoing it in this program.

   The pseudocode your function main() should be as follows:

     main(){
         declare array and other variables
     
         initialize(...) // fill array with -1
         draw(...)       // select 10 non-repeating random numbers
         entry(...)      // get user input
         use check () to compare user input against lottery numbers
         and output whether user won
         printOut(...)   // outputs seleced lottery numbers
     }
     

   Note: A program that processes each element of the array separately (i.e. accesses all 10 elements of the array for assignment or comparison outside a loop) is inefficient and will result in a poor grade.

   Note 2: For your project, you should either pass the array size (10) to the functions as a parameter or use a global constant to store it. Hard-coding the literal constant 10 in function definitions that receive the array as a parameter is poor style. It should be avoided.

Make sure your programs adhere to proper programming style. Submit your projects to the subversion repository. Do not forget to verify your submission on the web.