CS 10051-003/004 Introduction to Computer Science - Spring 2008

Chapter 8:

High-level Programming Languages and C++

• Compilation process and Figure 8.1

C++ Syntax

• Comments
• Include directive
• Using directive
• Free-format language

Virtual data storage

• constants
• case-sensitive
• free-format language
• memory location
• declarations and data types
  • identifiers
  • constants
• int
• float
• char

Statement Types

• Input / output statements
  • cout <<
  • cin >>, user prompts
• Assignment statements & Operators
  • =, +, - , *, /, %
• Control statements
  • Conditional statements (Boolean conditions)
    • if
    • if / else
    • Conditional operators (==, <, <=, >, >=, !=)
  • Looping statements
    • while (condition) {}
      • 1. initialization of variables; 2. use in conditional 3. update inside loop
    • for loops
      • for(init / declare loop control variable; loop while condition true; update loop control var at end of each loop)
    • Infinite loops

Complete Programs & Managing Complexity

• Divide and conquer problem-solving approach
• Structure chart / diagram

Object-Oriented Programming (high-level only)

• Encapsulation, Interface and Inheritance
• Software reuse
• More natural "world view"

Graphical Programming (high-level only)

• Graphics library
• Text book's example

Software Engineering

• Software life cycle
• Figure 8.35
  • Before Implementation
    • Feasibility study -> Feasibility document
    • Problem specification -> problem specification document
    • Program design phase -> program design document
    • Algorithm selection or development and analysis
  • Implementation
    • Coding / Debugging
  • After Implementation
    • Testing, verification, and benchmarking
    • Documentation (internal and external)
    • Maintenance
• Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

Chapter 9:

Procedural (Imperative) Languages

• external libraries
• legacy code
• FORTRAN
• COBOL
• C
  • pointers
  • system programming
• Ada
• Java
  • applications
  • applets
• C# and .NET
  • .NET Framework
  • Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)
  • Just In Time (JIT) compiler

Special Purpose Languages

• SQL
  • Databases
  • Queries
• HTML
  • tags
  • web pages
• JavaScript

Alternative Programming Paradigms

• Paradigm -> model or framework
• Functional programming & LISP
  • Applicative language
• Atoms - most basic "thing" in LISP
• Prefix notation
• List handling
  • car
  • cdr
• Functions
  • function definition: defun
  • base case
  • recursive functions (calls itself until reaches base case)

Logic Programming

• Declarative languages
• Query
• Expert systems
• PROLOG
  • knowledge base
    • facts
    • rules
  • inference engine / query interpreter

Parallel Programming

• SIMD programming
  • Single parallel instruction creates multiple results
  • Cⁿ language example
• MIMD programming
  • Divide and Conquer approach to programming
• GPGPU programming (General Purpose Graphical Processing Unit)
  • Uses video card technology to create programs
  • NVIDIA is one card that does this