{
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    "# Day 1 — Python Foundations & the Security Mindset\n",
    "### Summer Coding & Cybersecurity Camp\n",
    "\n",
    "Welcome! Today you'll write your first Python programs **and** start thinking like\n",
    "a security-minded programmer from the very first line of code.\n",
    "\n",
    "**By the end of today you can:**\n",
    "- Run code in Google Colab\n",
    "- Use variables, data types, and `print()`\n",
    "- Get input from a user and convert it safely\n",
    "- Use `if / elif / else` to make decisions\n",
    "- Explain the golden rule of security: **never blindly trust input**\n",
    "\n",
    "> 🟢 **How Colab works:** Click a code cell and press **Shift + Enter** to run it.\n",
    "> The output appears right below the cell. Try it on the next cell!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "552aaaba",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello, future security engineer! 🔐\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8a205f7a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 1. Variables and data types\n",
    "\n",
    "A **variable** is a labeled box that stores a value. Python has a few core types:\n",
    "\n",
    "| Type | Example | Meaning |\n",
    "|------|---------|---------|\n",
    "| `int` | `42` | whole number |\n",
    "| `float` | `3.14` | decimal number |\n",
    "| `str` | `\"hello\"` | text (a *string*) |\n",
    "| `bool` | `True` / `False` | yes / no |\n",
    "\n",
    "Run the cell below and read the output carefully."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "9b7c451d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "age = 16          # int\n",
    "height = 1.72      # float\n",
    "name = \"Sam\"       # str\n",
    "is_student = True  # bool\n",
    "\n",
    "print(name, \"is\", age, \"years old.\")\n",
    "print(\"Type of age:\", type(age))\n",
    "print(\"Type of name:\", type(name))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7ebda56b",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 2. Talking to the user with `input()`\n",
    "\n",
    "`input()` pauses the program and waits for the person to type something.\n",
    "**Everything `input()` returns is a string** — even if they type a number."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "26ee738c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "favorite = input(\"What's your favorite food? \")\n",
    "print(\"Yum! I like \" + favorite + \" too.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "bcc61891",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### f-strings: the clean way to build messages\n",
    "Putting a value inside `{ }` in an f-string drops it right into the text."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "46bb7707",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "name = input(\"Your name: \")\n",
    "print(f\"Welcome to camp, {name}! Let's write some secure code.\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "1ce33566",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3. 🔐 Security moment #1: input can break your program\n",
    "\n",
    "Computers do **exactly** what we tell them. If we *assume* the user types a number\n",
    "but they type letters, the program can crash.\n",
    "\n",
    "Run the cell and type a **word** (like `banana`) instead of a number. Watch it crash."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "3dd8eb66",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "number = input(\"Enter a number to double: \")\n",
    "doubled = int(number) * 2      # int() expects something number-like!\n",
    "print(\"Doubled:\", doubled)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a820c550",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You probably got a `ValueError`. That red error is Python saying\n",
    "*\"you promised me a number and gave me text.\"*\n",
    "\n",
    "A real attacker (or just a confused user) will type the *unexpected* thing.\n",
    "**Rule #1 of secure programming: assume input will be wrong, weird, or hostile —\n",
    "and handle it.** We'll learn the tools to do that tomorrow. For now, just notice\n",
    "how easily it breaks."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "2e0bb4c2",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 4. Making decisions with `if`\n",
    "\n",
    "Programs choose what to do based on conditions."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "e2318c32",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "score = int(input(\"Enter your quiz score (0-100): \"))\n",
    "\n",
    "if score >= 90:\n",
    "    print(\"Grade: A 🎉\")\n",
    "elif score >= 80:\n",
    "    print(\"Grade: B\")\n",
    "elif score >= 70:\n",
    "    print(\"Grade: C\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Keep practicing!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f9c52ebf",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Comparison & logic operators\n",
    "- `==` equal, `!=` not equal, `<  >  <=  >=`\n",
    "- combine conditions with `and`, `or`, `not`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "c045cf94",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "password_len = 6\n",
    "has_symbol = False\n",
    "\n",
    "if password_len >= 8 and has_symbol:\n",
    "    print(\"Strong-ish password\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"⚠️ Weak password — too short or missing a symbol\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b1a1545e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "## 🧪 LAB 1A — Personalized Greeting\n",
    "Write a program that:\n",
    "1. Asks for the user's **name**\n",
    "2. Asks for their **age**\n",
    "3. Prints a friendly message using an **f-string**, e.g.\n",
    "   `Hi Sam, in 10 years you'll be 26!`\n",
    "\n",
    "Fill in the `TODO`s below."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "041cd036",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# LAB 1A — your code here\n",
    "name = input(\"Name: \")\n",
    "# TODO: ask for age and convert it to an int\n",
    "# age = ...\n",
    "\n",
    "# TODO: print a message that includes their age in 10 years\n",
    "# print(f\"...\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "ce0228e1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 🧪 LAB 1B — A Calculator That Doesn't Crash (yet)\n",
    "Build a simple calculator that:\n",
    "1. Asks for two numbers\n",
    "2. Asks for an operation: `+`, `-`, `*`, or `/`\n",
    "3. Prints the result\n",
    "\n",
    "For now, assume the user behaves. After you get it working, **try to break it**:\n",
    "- What happens if you type letters?\n",
    "- What happens if you divide by zero?\n",
    "\n",
    "Write down what breaks — tomorrow we'll fix it properly."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "36b288b5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# LAB 1B — your code here\n",
    "a = float(input(\"First number: \"))\n",
    "b = float(input(\"Second number: \"))\n",
    "op = input(\"Operation (+ - * /): \")\n",
    "\n",
    "# TODO: use if/elif/else to compute and print the result\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "b938e70f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 🏁 CHALLENGE — \"Break It, Then Note It\"\n",
    "Trade calculators with a partner (or test your own). Your mission: **make it crash**\n",
    "or produce nonsense. For each way you break it, write one sentence describing the bad\n",
    "input. You're now thinking like a security tester! 🕵️\n",
    "\n",
    "---\n",
    "### ✅ Solutions (try the labs first!)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "f1fbbb57",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# --- LAB 1A solution ---\n",
    "name = input(\"Name: \")\n",
    "age = int(input(\"Age: \"))\n",
    "print(f\"Hi {name}, in 10 years you'll be {age + 10}!\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "55efb7f6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# --- LAB 1B solution ---\n",
    "a = float(input(\"First number: \"))\n",
    "b = float(input(\"Second number: \"))\n",
    "op = input(\"Operation (+ - * /): \")\n",
    "\n",
    "if op == \"+\":\n",
    "    print(\"Result:\", a + b)\n",
    "elif op == \"-\":\n",
    "    print(\"Result:\", a - b)\n",
    "elif op == \"*\":\n",
    "    print(\"Result:\", a * b)\n",
    "elif op == \"/\":\n",
    "    print(\"Result:\", a / b)   # still crashes on b == 0 — we fix this tomorrow!\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Unknown operation\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7394f4e7",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 📝 Day 1 recap\n",
    "- Variables hold `int`, `float`, `str`, `bool` values\n",
    "- `input()` always returns a **string** — convert with `int()` / `float()`\n",
    "- `if / elif / else` lets programs make decisions\n",
    "- 🔐 **Never trust input** — it crashed our calculator, and that's exactly the kind\n",
    "  of weakness attackers look for. Tomorrow: how to handle it safely."
   ]
  }
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